GOJI-BEERE
Aktuelle wissenschaftliche Studien | 31-45
31: J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May 22;111(3):504-11. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
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Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on age-related oxidative stress in aged mice.
Li XM, Ma YL, Liu XJ.
School of Food Science and Technology of the XingJiang Agriculture University, Urumqili City, XinJiang 830000, PR China. xj.goodli@yahoo.com.cn
Oxidative damage of biomolecules increases with age and is postulated to be a major causal factor of various physiological function disorders. Consequently, the concept of anti-age by antioxidants has been developed. Lycium barbarum fruits have been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and the data obtained in in vitro models have clearly established the antioxidant potency of the polysaccharides isolated from the fruits. In the present study, the age-dependent changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity, immune function and lipid peroxidation product were investigated and effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on age-induced oxidative stress in different organs of aged mice was checked. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (200, 350 and 500 mg/kg b.w. in physiological saline) were orally administrated to aged mice over a period of 30 days. Aged mice receiving vitamin C served as positive control. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, lipid peroxides in serum and tested organs, and immune function were measured. Result showed that increased endogenous lipid peroxidation, and decreased antioxidant activities, as assessed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and immune function were observed in aged mice and restored to normal levels in the polysaccharides-treated groups. Antioxidant activities of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can be compable with normal antioxidant, vitamin C. Moreover, addition of vitamin C to the polysaccharides further increased the in vivo antioxidant activity of the latter. It is concluded that the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides can be used in compensating the decline in TAOC, immune function and the activities of antioxidant enzymes and thereby reduces the risks of lipid peroxidation accelerated by age-induced free radical.
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PMID: 17224253 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
32: Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2006 Nov;35(6):648-52.
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[Stimulation by Lycium bararum polysaccharides of the maturation of dendritic cells in murine bone marrow]
[Article in Chinese]
Zhu J, Zhao LH, Chen Z.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Lycium bararum polysaccharides (LBPs) stimulation on the maturation of murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). METHODS: Murine bone marrow cells were cultured in GM-CSF and IL-4 for 5 days, then were purified with a MACS column. Respectively, BMDCs were stimulated with LBPs, LPS and RPMI1640 for 2 days. Cell phenotypes and antigens uptake by BMDCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines released by BMDCs were detected. The antigen presenting by BMDCs was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte responses. RESULT: Compared with to the BMDCs that only subjected to RPMI 1640, the expression of I-A/I-E, CD11c and secretion of IL-12 by BMDCs stimulated with LBPs were increased, the phagocytosis of FITC-dextran by BMDCs stimulated with LBPs was impaired but the activation of proliferation of allogenic lymphocytes by BMDCs was strengthened. CONCLUSION: LBPs promote not only the maturation of cultured murine BMDCs in vitro, but also the immune response initiation induced by BMDCs.
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PMID: 17177338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
33: Int J Biol Macromol. 2007 Apr 10;40(5):461-5. Epub 2006 Nov 17.
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Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in rats.
Li XM.
School of Food Engineering of XingJang Agriculture College, Urumqi city, XinJiang 832000, PR China. li_article@126.com
Fruit from Lycium barbarum L. in the family Solanaceae is well-known in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) have been identified as one of the active ingredients responsible for its biological activities. We isolated polysaccharides from dried Lycium barbarum fruits by boiling water extraction. In the study, 50 animals were divided into two groups: a nondiabetic control (n=10) and a diabetic group (n=40). Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg BW; Sigma, USA) freshly dissolved in a 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.5) into the intraperitonium. The normal control rats and the untreated diabetic control rats were only injected with the citrate buffer. Treated diabetic rats were administrated with LBP in drinking water through oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of experiment, oxidative indice in blood, liver and kidney of all groups were examined. The results show that administration of LBP can restore abnormal oxidative indice near normal levels. Therefore, we may assume that LBP is effective in the protection of liver and kidney tissue from the damage of STZ-induced diabetic rats and that the LBP may be of use as a antihyperglycemia agent.
PMID: 17166579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
34: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Oct;31(19):1603-7.
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[Studies on extraction, isolation and composition of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides]
[Article in Chinese]
Tian M, Wang M.
School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
OBJECTIVE: To study the extraction, isolation and composition of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP). METHOD: LBP was extracted from L. barbarum with water, isolationed and purified by DEAE ion-exchange cellulose and gel chromatography, and their structural composition was studied by means of SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, GC, amino acid automatic analysis, etc. RESULT: Pure LBP has four water solubie polysaccharides, M W was 1.524 x 10(5). LBP was composed of 6 kinds of monosaccharides (Ara, Rha, Xyl, Man, Gal and Glc), galacturonic acid and 18 kinds of amino acids. CONCLUSION: LBP is a kind of complex polysaccharides consisting of acidic heteropolysaccharides and polypeptide or protein, and LBP has Glycan-O-Ser glycopeptide structures.
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PMID: 17165585 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
35: Phytochem Anal. 2006 Nov;17(6):379-83.
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Determination of aldoses and ketoses by GC-MS using differential derivatisation.
Ye F, Yan X, Xu J, Chen H.
Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China.
A method has been established by which to determine aldoses and ketoses in plant material simultaneously. Monosaccharides were extracted by sonication with 80% ethanol and sugar oximes formed by treatment of the resultant extract with hydroxylamine and pyridine at 90 degrees C. After reaction, one aliquot of the product was derivatised with acetic anhydride at 90 degrees C, whilst a second aliquot was silylated with HMDS and TMCS at 80 degrees C. Both reaction mixtures were analysed by GC-MS in the SIM mode. Quantivation was linear within the range 1-4 microg/mL and the detection limit for monosaccharides was 5-25 ng/mL. The absolute recoveries were between 73.0 and 90.2% and the RSDs were 3.1-10.0%. This method was applied to analyse the free monosaccharides in Lyceum barbarum L.; eight monosaccharides were present in amounts between 0.26 and 368.65 microg/mg.
Publication Types:
PMID: 17144244 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
36: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Jul;31(14):1179-83.
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[Study on antioxidant activity of pigment of Lycium ruthenicum]
[Article in Chinese]
Li J, Qu WJ, Zhang SJ, Lv HY.
School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
OBJECTIVE: To elvaulate the antioxidant activity of the pigment of Lycium ruthenicum. METHOD: The antioxidant activities were measured by the effects of the reducing ability, scavenging DPPH. H2O2-induced hemolysis of mice erythrocyte, serum resistance of reactive oxygen species, content of MDA in liver tissue, and swelling effect of mitochondria in liver tissue. RESULT: The pigment of L. ruthenicum could scaveng DPPH* remarkably with IC50 0.164 mg x mL(-1), inhibitte hemolysis of mice erythrocyte evidently with IC50 0.112 mg x mL(-1). The resistant of reactive oxygen species was enhanced by the tested substances, simultanously. The concentration of MDA of peroxidation of lipid in mice liver could be reduced, and the swelling of mice liver mitochondria alse be restrained. CONCLUSION: The pigment of L. ruthenicum has antioxidant activity in tested concentration.
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PMID: 17048590 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
37: Exp Neurol. 2007 Jan;203(1):269-73. Epub 2006 Oct 11.
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Neuroprotective effects of Lycium barbarum Lynn on protecting retinal ganglion cells in an ocular hypertension model of glaucoma.
Chan HC, Chang RC, Koon-Ching Ip A, Chiu K, Yuen WH, Zee SY, So KF.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
Glaucoma is one of the major neurological disorders in eye leading to irreversible blindness in elderly. Increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) has been considered to be the major risk factor for the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in retina. While attenuation of IOP has been a major pharmaceutical target, reduction of IOP cannot prevent progressive loss of RGCs. In this regard, urgent need for alternative treatment has to be investigated. Anti-aging medicinal herb Lycium barbarum L. has been used for centuries in Eastern World to protect the eyes and maintain good health. Using an ocular hypertension (OH) model in rat by laser photocoagulation of episcleral and limbal veins, we attempted to investigate whether L. barbarum can promote RGCs survival against elevated IOP. Oral administration of L. barbarum in Sprague-Dawley rats (250-280 g) significantly reduced the loss of RGCs, although elevated IOP was not significantly altered. Rats fed with the 1 mg/kg extract could nearly totally escape from pressure-induced loss of RGCs. In conclusion, this is the first in vivo report showing the therapeutic function of L. barbarum against neurodegeneration in the retina of rat OH model. The results demonstrate that this extract may be a potential candidate for the development of neuroprotective drug against the loss of RGCs in glaucoma.
Publication Types:
PMID: 17045262 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
38: Phytochem Anal. 2006 Sep;17(5):279-83.
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HPLC-MS trace analysis of atropine in Lycium barbarum berries.
Adams M, Wiedenmann M, Tittel G, Bauer R.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Austria.
The dried ripe fruits of Barbary wolfberry, Lycium barbarum L. are widely used in China for medicinal purposes and as a functional food. Previous investigations reported to have found atropine in Barbary wolfberries from India. These results have been questioned. Since then, however, there has been a discussion on whether the berries are suitable for human consumption. In order to determine the content of atropine, we have analysed eight samples of berries from China and Thailand for traces of atropine, using highly selective and sensitive HPLC-MS methods. Atropine was found in all examined samples in concentrations of maximally 19 ppb (w/w). Therefore, the content is far below toxic levels.
PMID: 17019928 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
39: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Nov;1757(11):1504-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10.
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Xanthophyll-induced aggregation of LHCII as a switch between light-harvesting and energy dissipation systems.
Gruszecki WI, Grudzinski W, Gospodarek M, Patyra M, Maksymiec W.
Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-601 Lublin, Poland. wieslaw@tytan.umcs.lublin.pl
The xanthophyll cycle pigments, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, present outside the light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes of Photosystem II (LHCII) considerably enhance specific aggregation of proteins as revealed by analysis of the 77 K chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra. Analysis of the infrared absorption spectra in the Amide I region shows that the aggregation is associated with formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the alpha helices of neighboring complexes. The aggregation gives rise to new electronic energy levels, in the Soret region (530 nm) and corresponding to the Q spectral region (691 nm), as revealed by analysis of the resonance light scattering spectra. New electronic energy levels are interpreted in terms of exciton coupling of protein-bound photosynthetic pigments. The energy of the Q excitonic level of chlorophyll is not high enough to drive the light reactions of Photosystem II but better suited to transfer excitation energy to Photosystem I, which creates favourable energetic conditions for the state I-state II transition. The lack of fluorescence emission from this energy level, at physiological temperatures, is indicative of either very high thermal energy conversion rate or efficient excitation quenching by carotenoids. Chlorophyll a fluorescence was quenched up to 61% and 34% in the zeaxanthin- and violaxanthin-containing samples, respectively, as compared to pure LHCII. Enhanced aggregation of LHCII, observed in the presence of the xanthophyll cycle pigments, is discussed in terms of the switch between light-harvesting and energy dissipation systems.
PMID: 16978579 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
40: Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2007 Apr;66(4-5):1194-8. Epub 2006 Jun 23.
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Determination of trace selenium by solid substrate-room temperature phosphorescence enhancing method based on potassium chlorate oxidizing phenyl hydrazine-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid system.
Liu JM, Cui XJ, Li LM, Fu GM, Lin SX, Yang ML, Xu MY, Wu ZQ.
Department of Chemistry, Zhangzhou Normal College, Zhangzhou 363000, PR China. zzsyliujiaming@163.com
A new method for the determination of trace selenium based on solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry (SS-RTP) has been established. This method was based on the fact that in HCl-KCl buffer solution, potassium chlorate could oxidize phenyl hydrazine to form chloridize diazo-ion after being heated at 100 degrees C for 20 min, and then the diazo-ion reacted with 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid to form red azo-compound which could emit strong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) signal on filter paper. Selenium could catalyze potassium chlorate oxidizing the reaction between phenyl hydrazine and 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid, which caused the sharp enhancement of SS-RTP. Under the optimum condition, the relationship between the phosphorescence emission intensity (DeltaIp) and the content of selenium obeyed Beer's law when the concentration of selenium is within the range of 1.60-320 fg spot-1 (or 0.0040-0.80 ng ml-1 with a sample volume of 0.4 microl). The regression equation of working curve can be expressed as DeltaIp=13.12+0.4839CSe(IV) (fg spot-1) (n=6), with correlation coefficient r=0.9991 and a detection limit of 0.28 fg spot-1 (corresponding to a concentration range of 7.0x10(-13) g ml-1 Se(IV), n=11). After 11-fold measurement, R.S.D. were 2.8 and 3.5% for the samples containing 0.0040 and 0.80 ng ml-1 of Se(IV), respectively. This accurate and sensitive method with good repeatability has been successfully applied to the determination of trace selenium in Chinese wolfberry and egg yolk with satisfactory results. The mechanism of the enhancement of phosphorescence was also discussed.
Publication Types:
PMID: 16959532 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
41: Fen Zi Xi Bao Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2006 Apr;39(2):103-10.
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[The features of distribution of polysaccharide and lipid in the developing anther of Lycium barbarum L]
[Article in Chinese]
Xu Q, Wang XQ, Tian HQ.
School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University.
Polysaccharide and lipid in the anthers of Lycium barbarurn L. at different stages were examined with cytochemical techniques. At the stage of sporogenous cell, many starches have been storied in parenchyma around vascular bundle, epidermis and endothecium cells but no starches in sporogenous cells, tapetal and middle layer cells. At the stage of tetrad, there were many starches still in epidermis and endothecium, however tapetal cells began to accumulate lipid drops, suggesting that tapetal cells transformed polysaccharides into lipid. Tapetum degenerated at the late stage of microspore and the lipid drops moved into locule. During microspore development neither starches nor lipid drops were accumulated in the cell. After the division of microspore, some lipids drops appeared in 2-cellular pollen, and then some starches also appeared in the pollen. Two days before anthesis, there were many lipid drops and starches located in nearly mature pollen grains, suggesting that pollen of Lycium barbarurn L. has a function of transforming lipid into polysaccharide. The temporal and spatial features of polysaccharide and lipid material accumulated and distributed in anther during its development reflect the transformation of physiological function of the cells consisting of anther. This research will help us to understand the mechanism of anther development.
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PMID: 16944580 [PubMed - in process]
42: World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Jul 28;12(28):4478-84.
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Hot water-extracted Lycium barbarum and Rehmannia glutinosa inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Chao JC, Chiang SW, Wang CC, Tsai YH, Wu MS.
School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, China.
AIM: To investigate the effect of hot water-extracted Lycium barbarum (LBE) and Rehmannia glutinosa (RGE) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat and/or human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS: Rat (H-4-II-E) and human HCC (HA22T/VGH) cell lines were incubated with various concentrations (0-10 g/L) of hot water-extracted LBE and RGE. After 6-24 h incubation, cell proliferation (n = 6) was measured by a colorimetric method. The apoptotic cells (n = 6) were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of p53 protein (n = 3) was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. RESULTS: Crude LBE (2-5 g/L) and RGE (2-10 g/L) dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of H-4-II-E cells by 11% (P < 0.05) to 85% (P < 0.01) after 6-24 h treatment. Crude LBE at a dose of 5 g/L suppressed cell proliferation of H-4-II-E cells more effectively than crude RGE after 6-24 h incubation (P < 0.01). Crude LBE (2-10 g/L) and RGE (2-5 g/L) also dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of HA22T/VGH cells by 14%-43% (P < 0.01) after 24 h. Crude LBE at a dose of 10 g/L inhibited the proliferation of HA22T/VGH cells more effectively than crude RGE (56.8% +/- 1.6% vs 70.3% +/- 3.1% of control, P = 0.0003 < 0.01). The apoptotic cells significantly increased in H-4-II-E cells after 24 h treatment with higher doses of crude LBE (2-5 g/L) and RGE (5-10 g/L) (P < 0.01). The expression of p53 protein in H-4-II-E cells was 119% and 143% of the control group compared with the LBE-treated (2, 5 g/L) groups, and 110% and 132% of the control group compared with the RGE -treated (5, 10 g/L) groups after 24 h. CONCLUSION: Hot water-extracted crude LBE (2-5 g/L) and RGE (5-10 g/L) inhibit proliferation and stimulate p53-mediated apoptosis in HCC cells.
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PMID: 16874858 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
43: Br J Nutr. 2006 Jul;96(1):154-60.
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Enhanced bioavailability of zeaxanthin in a milk-based formulation of wolfberry (Gou Qi Zi; Fructus barbarum L.).
Benzie IF, Chung WY, Wang J, Richelle M, Bucheli P.
Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong. iris.benzie@inet.polyu.edu.hk
The carotenoid zeaxanthin is concentrated within the macula. Increased macular zeaxanthin is suggested to lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration. The small red berry, wolfberry (Fructus barbarum L.; Gou Qi Zi and Kei Tze), is one of the richest natural sources of zeaxanthin. However, carotenoid bioavailability is low, and food-based products with enhanced bioavailability are of interest. The present study investigated zeaxanthin bioavailability from three wolfberry formulations. Berries were homogenised in hot (80 degrees C) water, warm (40 degrees C) skimmed milk and hot (80 degrees C) skimmed milk, with freeze drying of each preparation into a powdered form. A zeaxanthin-standardised dose (15 mg) of each was consumed, in randomised order, together with a standardised breakfast by twelve healthy, consenting subjects in a cross-over trial, with a 3-5-week washout period between treatments. Blood samples were taken via a venous cannula immediately before (fasting) and 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10 h post-ingestion. Zeaxanthin concentration in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fraction of plasma was measured by HPLC. Results showed that triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein zeaxanthin peaked at 6 h post-ingestion for all formulations. Zeaxanthin bioavailability from the hot milk formulation was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than from the others. Mean area under the curve (n 12) results were 9.73 (sem 2.45), 3.24 (sem 0.72) and 3.14 (sem 1.09) nmol x h/l for the hot milk, warm milk and hot water formulations, respectively. Results showed clearly that homogenisation of wolfberry in hot skimmed milk results in a formulation that has a 3-fold enhanced bioavailability of zeaxanthin compared with both the 'classical' hot water and warm skimmed milk treatment of the berries.
Publication Types:
PMID: 16870004 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
44: Environ Monit Assess. 2006 May;116(1-3):315-20.
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Estimation of heavy metals in different berberis species and its market samples.
Srivastava SK, Rai V, Srivastava M, Rawat AK, Mehrotra S.
Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India. pharmacognosy1@rediffmail.com
Popularity of herbal drugs is increasing all over the world because of lesser side effects as compared to synthetic drugs. Besides, it costs less and easily available to poor people particularly in developing countries. But quality assurance of herbal drugs is very necessary prior to its use. Because in today's polluted environment, even herbal drugs are not safe. Berberis spp. is very important medicinal plant, having various medicinal properties. It is also included in Indian and British pharmacopoeias. Its demand is quite high in herbal drug market. So, to check the quality of market samples of this drug, ten different samples were procured from different drug markets of India for heavy metal estimation. Besides, genuine samples of four species of Berberis viz. B. aristata, B. chitria, B. lycium, B. asiatica were also collected from natural habitats to compare heavy metal concentration in both market and genuine samples. It was found that market samples were much more contaminated than genuine samples. Lead (Pb) concentration is far beyond from WHO permissible limit (10 ppm) for herbal drugs, reaching to maximum 49.75 ppm in Amritsar market sample. Likewise, concentration of all other metals like Cd, Cr and Ni were also very high in market samples as compared to genuine samples.
Publication Types:
PMID: 16779598 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
45: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Mar;31(6):462-4.
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[Determnination of betaine in Fufang Guilu granule by HPLC]
[Article in Chinese]
Xu MW, Yuan XZ, Liu YW, Shen XJ.
Affiliated Liyuan Hospital, Mongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China. ligenluoxi@yahoo.com.cn
OBJECTIVE: To describe a HPLC method for assessing betaine in Fufang Guilu granule. METHOD: The content of betainephenaxcyl bromide in Fufang Guilu granule was determined by HPLC. The analytical column was a shim-pack CLC-ODS (6.0 mm x 150 mm) filling a 5 microm stationary phase; The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(35:65) with 0.1 mol x L(-1) NaClO4; The flow-rate was 1 mL x min (-1); The detector was set at 254 nm. RESULT: The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.09-0.585 microg (r = 0.9997). The average recovery of the method was 98.4%, RSD 2.5% (n = 5). CONCLUSION: The results showed that this method was reliable and accurate, and can be used for quality control of Fufang Guilu granule.
Publication Types:
PMID: 16722372 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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